From 24 to 26 February 2026, we hosted the \nAI Radiology summit\n, bringing together selected industry-leading experts, academics, clinicians, and policy advocates for 3 days of intense collaborative discussions to shape the future of AI in healthcare.\nThe conversation around artificial intelligence in healthcare is no longer just about the algorithms themselves. It’s about the \nnetworks\n that will power them. This was the resounding theme of the panel featuring Dr. Joe Zhang, Joanna Wills, Sam Khashman, Henriettae Ståhlbrandt, and Bryce Travers, moderated by Dr. Christina Triantafyllou.\nThe room was filled with great expertise and a shared sense of purpose. The conversation laid bare a profound paradox: we have plenty of health data that could deliver immense value to patients and the health care system, but it’s scattered across thousands of disconnected silos, each with its own governance, incentives, and way of doing things.\nAs one Bryce Travers aptly put it, “My trusts have no real incentive to share data with each other.” Henriettae Ståhlbrandt highlighted the cultural hurdles, noting the need to “trust the private companies that they also have the greater good in mind,” underlining that these aren't purely technical problems; they are problems of trust, incentives, alignment, and infrastructure.

From Silos to Synapses: Why Federated Learning is the Network Healthcare AI Has Been Waiting For

London & Munich — February 26, 2026\n - The \nAI Centre for Value-Based Healthcare\n at \nKing’s College London\n and \nGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust\n, together with strategic partner \ndeepc\n, today announced the launch of \nFLIP\n, a fully open-source federated learning interoperability platform designed to support large-scale, collaborative development of healthcare AI while ensuring patient data remains local and under institutional control. Developed within the NHS ecosystem in collaboration with \nOneLondon\n and \nFlower Labs\n, FLIP is designed to enable secure, multi-institutional AI collaboration across health systems.\nDeveloped, governed, and maintained within the NHS, FLIP addresses a longstanding challenge in healthcare AI: the tension between the need for large, diverse data sets to train clinically robust models and the ethical, regulatory, and societal imperative to protect sensitive patient data. As modern AI increasingly relies on foundation models and multimodal learning approaches, this challenge has become a limiting factor for progress across clinical research and innovation.\nFLIP enables AI models to be trained across one or multiple institutions while data stays within secure local environments. By allowing models to learn from a wider range of data, it has the potential to improve patient care by increasing accuracy of diagnosis, support earlier detection of disease, and help bring new innovations into care more quickly - all while maintaining high standards of privacy and data protection.

AI Centre and deepc Launch FLIP, an Open-Source Platform to Enable Health AI Innovation at Scale, in Partnerships with OneLondon and Flower Labs

During London Life Sciences week (17-21 November 2025) NHS London teams showcased that London is open for business through strong partnerships across the capital's NHS, universities and businesses. 
\n
\nThe London NHS team announced that the London Secure Data Environment is scaling to benefit all Londoners and launched three new driver projects that are addressing challenges in children and young people's mental health, cardiovascular disease, cancer outcomes and antimicrobial resistance. 

\nLondon Secure Data Environment Driver Projects - OneLondon\n\nWe also heard how the development of the London Secure Data Environment has been shaped by several large-scale deliberations with the public, and how it is already supporting groundbreaking research in collaboration with the AI Centre. \nThis is part of a shared vision to make London the healthiest global city, and the best place to partner for research and innovation in MedTech, drug discovery, clinical trials etc. – that will improve patient outcomes.

It was fantastic to hear from the minister, Dr Zubir Ahmed, and some of the founding CEOs of Health Data for London that as a leadership community we intend to pick up the mantle and 'collaborate to compete' to make London and the UK the world's most innovative place for life sciences and health improvement.

Health Data for London event as part of London Life Sciences week

The AI Centre presented a series of technical developments at \nISPOR Europe 2025\n, showcasing progress in federated learning for imaging and clinical data, large language model–based information extraction in Oncology, and new methodologies to support population health research across the NHS.\nFLIP: Federated Learning Interoperability Platform\nThe team introduced updates to FLIP (Federated Learning Interoperability Platform), an open-source infrastructure designed to enable secure, hospital-retained analytics across NHS sites.\nFLIP provides capabilities for federated cohort discovery, multi-modal data engineering — spanning structured data, natural language processing, and radiology — and AI model training without transferring sensitive patient data outside hospital boundaries. The platform supports deep phenotyping using un-curated, real-world datasets, addressing limitations of traditional, highly curated research environments.\nDevelopment of a Unified Medication Adherence Index\nResearchers also reported findings on a proposed Medication Adherence Index, addressing the current absence of a standardised, robust measure of long-term medication adherence.\nUsing GP electronic health records, the AI Centre evaluated the index across three major classes of long-term medications and validated it against both subjective and objective adherence indicators. Results demonstrated strong predictive performance, underscoring the index’s potential to support medicines optimisation, risk stratification, and population health management.\nNational Deployment of OncoLlama\nThe AI Centre additionally highlighted progress on OncoLlama, an NHS-developed large language model designed to extract detailed Oncology information from unstructured clinical text.\nPoor availability of structured cancer data has long constrained research, innovation, and clinical trial readiness. Through a national collaboration, the programme will deploy secure infrastructure within NHS Trusts, implement advanced LLM processing pipelines, and generate high-resolution Oncology datasets. The initiative aims to enhance real-world evidence generation, improve cancer registry data quality, and support clinical trial recruitment.

AI Centre Team Presents Advances in Federated Learning, Oncology Data Extraction, and Population Health at ISPOR Europe 2025

Dr James Teo, Consultant Neurologist (\nKCH\n) and Chief Medical Officer at the AI Centre, has been appointed to the Health Systems Working Group of the National Commission into the Regulation of AI in Healthcare, established by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).\nLaunched in September 2025, the National Commission brings together global experts in artificial intelligence, clinical practice, and health regulation to help shape a new framework governing AI use in healthcare. Chaired by Professor Alastair Denniston, with Professor Henrietta Hughes as Deputy Chair, the Commission will publish its final recommendations in 2026. Its work underpins commitments set out in the government’s 10-Year Health Plan and Life Sciences Sector Plan, aimed at transforming NHS services and accelerating growth within the UK’s life sciences industry.\nAs part of the Health Systems Working Group, Dr Teo will provide clinical and operational insights to guide development of regulatory approaches that ensure AI tools are deployed safely, effectively, and for maximum patient benefit. The group’s agenda covers critical topics such as post-market surveillance, pre-market approval processes, professional practice, and governance responsibilities for healthcare providers.\nThe Commission’s programme will run from November 2025 to May 2026, examining key areas including the continuous oversight of AI systems, model update controls, and the balance between developer autonomy and regulatory assurance.\nDr Teo’s appointment highlights the importance of bringing frontline clinical experience into national policy discussions to ensure that emerging AI regulation supports both innovation and patient safety.

Dr James Teo Appointed to MHRA Working Group on AI Regulation in Healthcare

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming a crucial component in the future of the NHS and Integrated Care Systems (ICS) across the UK. Across the NHS the implementation of AI technologies is showing promising results in improving healthcare services and patient experiences. From improving diagnosis rates to faster automation of patient registrations and more accurate patient referral support tools.\nAI Framework Launch\nThe new \nAI Framework\n launched on 3rd March will help the NHS in London to deliver safe and ethical pathways to use these tools effectively. The framework covers the agreed way of introducing, using and monitoring Artificial Intelligence (AI) products across the NHS.\nWe see significant levels of demand and recognise that the NHS needs to change to be able to best support people and communities in our area. For example, patients can find it hard to get appointments and can face a long wait for treatment. AI tools could improve this if used effectively and responsibly; one product has already reduced the average wait time to register
with a GP practice from days to hours.\nWe want to harness the potential power of AI products in a safe, effective and efficient way to improve health and care services for people and communities. To do this, we have driven the development of the Framework for our area and for London.

NHS AI Framework launched to support safe and ethical use of AI in healthcare across London

AI Centre receives funding from NHSE ‘Driver’ project to deploy OncoLlama in 5 Cancer centres across the UK. \nEvery year, 3 million people with cancer across England receive NHS care. This generates notes containing rich and detailed information about their diagnosis, genetic biomarkers, disease course, treatments, and outcomes. However, these crucial details are buried in millions of documents - like letters between clinicians, multidisciplinary team meeting reports and test reports - written in everyday medical language instead of computer-readable codes. Therefore, the coded records used for research and service planning are incomplete, and only capture basic details. This gap severely limits our ability to understand cancer patterns, improve services, and find patients for clinical trials.\nThis project brings together five major cancer centres from London, Cambridge, Leeds, and Kent-Medway, to deploy 'OncoLlama' - an NHS-developed AI tool that reads clinical documents and automatically extracts detailed cancer information with >98.5% accuracy. Rather than relying on expensive and time-consuming manual curation, OncoLlama can be run inside NHS firewalls to turn millions of cancer records into comprehensive cancer datasets safely.\nWe aim to demonstrate value through three studies. First, we will validate OncoLlama-generated data and conduct a joint analysis of cancer inequalities across our populations to understand differences in diagnosis, access to treatment including trials, and outcomes. Second, we will show how this technology can improve the completeness of national cancer records. Third, we will demonstrate how enriched data can accelerate and broaden patient identification and workflows in clinical trials, potentially opening up access to innovative treatments for marginalised populations.\nIn a broad collaboration, global technology partners will support this project through cloud infrastructure and AI expertise, while international life sciences companies will help validate our approach against industry standards. \nWe will build this solution to be portable and shareable. Any NHS cancer centre will be able to use our deployment package, documentation, and training materials to implement OncoLlama. We will also demonstrate how such collaborations can be conducted at scale across the NHS SDE network.\nBy demonstrating that scalable high-quality cancer data curation is possible, this project will revolutionise our understanding and enhancement of cancer care, ultimately assisting patients in receiving the appropriate treatment more quickly.

Large Language Models (‘OncoLlama’) for Pan-Cancer Data Enrichment 

We are excited to share our work in this Webinar, as part of Clinical AI Special Interest Group – set up by \nThe Alan Turing Institute\n and the \nGenomic AI Network\n. \nDr Joe Zhang and Sophie Ratkai present their work with Large Language Models (LLMs) OncoLlama and GenoLlama, used for cancer history extraction and biomarker profiling from unstructured clinical documentation.\nThese AI-assisted data extractions have the potential to improve national cancer data quality in Cancer Outcomes and Services Dataset (COSD) submissions, and help to reduce the time and cost of cancer clinical trial recruitment in the NHS.\nWatch the Webinar video here: \nhttps://genomicainetwork.nhs.uk/event/clinical-ai-interest-group-august-2025/\n 

AI Centre presents LLMs powered NLP tools 

Our partner deepc are hosting an upcoming webinar session, with leading clinical experts \nDr. Teresa Guerrero Urbano, \nConsultant Clinical Oncologist, and \nAnil Mistry\n, Radiotherapy Physicist and Senior Clinical AI Scientist, from Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, for a comprehensive exploration of artificial intelligence's transformative role in radiotherapy.\nThis professional-level discussion will examine AI's potential to optimise patient care, enhance operational workflows, and fundamentally reshape clinical practices. Attendees will gain insights into the technological innovations redefining medical imaging, treatment precision, and healthcare delivery.

Webinar - How Guy’s and St Thomas’ Is Using AI to Shape the Future of Radiotherapy

The AI Centre is working jointly with NHS London on a new London AI Pathology Strategy.\nOn the 5th December NHS England and the AI Centre held an innovative strategy event at the Royal College of Pathologists to engage experts in conversation on the future of AI in pathology. The event brought together NHS staff from all backgrounds – clinical pathologists, data scientists and digital innovation programme managers to name a few. The day long conference featured some compelling keynote speakers and insightful group discussions exploring some of the key boundaries and challenges in the field.\nThe event began with an opening address from Sigal Hachlili, Director of AI, Data and Digital Innovation at Guy’s and St Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust and the AI Centre, setting the agenda for the day and addressing some of the key themes of discussion for the event. The event then transitioned into a series of speakers, who we would like to offer a special
thank you to:\nProfessor Mike Osborn\n: Past President of RCPath, Clinical Lead Pathology NHSE – London, Clinical Lead Cell Path NWLP\nProfessor David Snead\n: Founding Director of PathLAKE, Consultant Pathologist University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire\nRobin Carpenter\n: AI Ethics and Governance Lead AI Centre for Value Based Healthcare\nKarim Nashar\n: Principal Terminology Implementation Specialist, Pathology Standards and Implementation Team\nA particular highlight of the day was the group discussions on barriers and challenges we face in implementing AI into our London based NHS Trusts. Some key themes emerged including limitations of current hardware and infrastructure, clarity and transparency in regards to guidance and direction and the importance of strategic collaboration. These workshop sessions were facilitated by:\nMichelle Martin\n: Head of Pathology, NHS England\nBernadette Worman\n: Diagnostics Digital Programme Manager, NHS England\nTarlochan Boparai\n: Associate Director for Digital Diagnostics for South East London ICB\nBarbara Rafferty\n: Head of Digital Innovation at Guy’s and St Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trusts\nAll of the content pulled from these discussions will be used to better inform a London AI Pathology strategy.\nThe dynamic presentations and workshops sparked some lively discussions amongst attendees and created a great atmosphere for collaboration and knowledge
sharing.

Developing a London AI Pathology Strategy

\n“Demystifying artificial intelligence in health: What health policy-makers need to know”\n is a new publication written for those working in, or alongside, the health sector who are increasingly required to engage with artificial intelligence (AI). The book aims to demystify AI for health policy-makers, offering a clear-eyed view of its capabilities, limitations and implications. It equips leaders with the foundations for informed decision-making, helping them ask the right questions, understand trade-offs, and shape a future in which AI serves public health goals. Crucially, it argues that realising AI’s potential requires principled adoption, rigorous evaluation and inclusive governance arrangements, ensuring that AI remains a means to an end rather than an end in itself.\nAmong the case studies included is the \nOneLondon Secure Data Environment (SDE)\n and the work delivered within it by the AI Centre for Value Based Health Care. The case study explores how secure, well-governed data infrastructure can provide the foundations for responsible and scalable AI deployment within the NHS.\nThe OneLondon SDE provides a secure data environment that enables real-time access to linked health data to support system-wide decision-making across London. Applications include optimising care pathways for long-term conditions, identifying high-risk patients for targeted intervention, and generating population health insights to inform planning and service transformation. By embedding strong governance, transparency and oversight into its architecture, the SDE establishes the trusted conditions necessary for advanced analytics and AI.\nWithin this secure environment, The AI Centre has developed reusable and adaptable analytic pipelines and interoperable building blocks to reduce duplication, enable reproducibility and move beyond static, one-off datasets towards dynamic, real-time data flows. The infrastructure supports multimodal data analysis across hospital trusts through \nfederated learning approaches\n that allow AI model development without physically transferring sensitive patient data. In parallel, efforts to standardise data from proprietary hospital systems and to apply advanced natural language processing to transform unstructured clinical notes into structured, analysable information are expanding the scope and richness of the data available.\nPublic trust remains central to this work. Through public engagement initiatives, including citizen summits and collaboration with \nIntegrated Care Boards\n and patient committees, \nOneLondon\n has embedded patient and public voice into the governance of data use. This commitment to transparency and accountability reinforces the principle that responsible AI depends not only on technical capability, but on public trust.\nThe inclusion of this case study highlights an important message for health systems: sustainable AI cannot be built on isolated pilots or fragmented datasets. It requires strong foundations, secure environments, interoperable systems, robust governance and meaningful public engagement, aligned with policy priorities and the public interest.\nAs AI technologies move from research environments into health systems, the book provides a timely and practical guide for decision-makers navigating this complex landscape and seeking to translate technological capability into measurable value for patients and populations.\n

AI Centre for Value Based Healthcare

News

AI Centre for Value Based Health Care featured in new European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies book on AI and Health Policy

From Silos to Synapses: Why Federated Learning is the Network Healthcare…

AI Centre and deepc Launch FLIP, an Open-Source Platform to Enable Health…

Health Data for London event as part of London Life Sciences week

AI Centre Team Presents Advances in Federated Learning, Oncology Data…

Dr James Teo Appointed to MHRA Working Group on AI Regulation in Healthcare

NHS AI Framework launched to support safe and ethical use of AI in…

Large Language Models (‘OncoLlama’) for Pan-Cancer Data Enrichment

AI Centre presents LLMs powered NLP tools

Webinar - How Guy’s and St Thomas’ Is Using AI to Shape the Future of…

Developing a London AI Pathology Strategy